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History of the town of Figuig
Attention !This page is an automatic provisional translation, made by computer, while waiting for that it is checked and corrected.
Preface :
Located in the East of Morocco, Figuig is one of the oldest cities of the kingdom. Known by its climate semi-desert, its innumerable date palms and its Ksour. Formerly, one counted several Ksour, but today only seven are still existing, in particular:
- ksar Hammam Foukani
- ksar Hammam Tahtani
- ksar Laabidate
- ksar Lamiz
- ksar Loudaghir
- ksar Oulad Slimane
Who are practically gather in the same area and finally ksar Zenaga which is, in the low part of Figuig, separated from other Ksour by the "Jourf" a terrestrial height.
Figuig: great history
We announce to our readers that dates of prehistory, and who are mentioned in the passage below, theories and studies of the specialists in the history of the fossil are still prone.
Theory of before J.C
The rupestral engravings discovered at the XIXe century in the frontier area with Algeria go up to thousands of years. Archaeologists claim that these vestiges date from the Neolithic period. (Between 10000 and 2300 Before J.C). This period is characterized by the change of the way of life of the man: it gives up hunting for the agriculture and the use of the animals.
The ecological and natural conditions of the area of Figuig support and accentuate the approach which shows that this oasis was not only one point of passage but also a livable place.
Period according to J.C
Between 429 the year when the Vandals conquered the North of Africa and 636 when the battle of Yarmouk took place, it had a certainty which the prevalent religion with Figuig was Christianity.
After having overcome the Byzantines into 645 at the time of the battle of Yarmouk, the Moslems propagated Islam towards North Africa. With that is added that Christian pilgrims of Figuig were subject to the influence of the new religion; Islam, at the time of the pilgrimage in Jerusalem. It is the paddle of Islam with Figuig.
Period according to the advent of Islam
ëme century hégire/11eme century: the tributes of Senhaja and Banou Hillal moved towards Figuig what will influence the relations Inter-Ksour and will cause conflicts.
6eme century hégire: the area is subjected under the authority of the Mouahidite dynasty directed by Yacoub El Mansour AlMouahidi.
956 hégire/1549: The sultan Esâadi Mohammed Alcheikh imprisons the noble ones of Figuig in order to subject the city under his reign. These noble was released only after the intervention of the mediators close to the sultan.
1061 hégire/1651: under the reign of Alaouites, the sultan Mohammed Ben Sherif commits himself in a wild battle subjecting the town of Figuig under his authority.
1089 hégire/1679: renewal of Bayâa de Moulay Ismail which controlled Morocco between 1084 and 1139 hégire (1673-1727). The governors of Figuig of this time made recourse to oppression and tennaient the town of Figuig with an iron hand, in particular Molay Abdel Malik wire of the sultan in 1118 hégire.
1782: one of the conflicts most violent between Ksour ends. The sources of water were in general the cause of these conflicts. At this year ksar Aljouaber disappears forever.
1299 hégire/1881: in the night of Wednesday 10 Rabii athani until midday, French vainly tried to crush the resistance of Figuig which supported Algerian resistance against the French occupant. This battle took place with Zenaga in the Oussiaimane place and which generated the victory of the figuiguis which lost 30 martyrdoms and 18 wounded, 129 died and 50 wounded against in the camp of French.
July 1883: famous resistant Algerian Sheik Bouamama finds his birthplace (Hammam Foukani) Figuig with an aim of gathering and of reorganizing his militant troops.
Period of French colonization
1321 hégire/1903: the Oconor General carries out an aggressive military partner against the inhabitants of the town of Figuig. June 9, this General bombards the ksar of Zenaga with 600 shootings of gun, houses and date palms are destroyed. Its insolence takes it along to destroy in front of the inhabitants the cupola of the mosque of Jemâa. However no resistance was announced.
August 1, 1946: the king mohammed V orders the construction of the Annahda school which will have a role of center of management training. This establishment was supervised by fire Alhaj Mohammed Ben Frej.
Post- independence
March 02, 1956: the independence of Morocco. .
February 26, 1961: the death of fire majesty Mohammed V.
March 03, 1961: the crown prince Moulay Hassan becomes the king of Morocco.
October 1963: between Algeria and Morocco is held the war of sands: Algeria refuses to return to Morocco its grounds included in the territory of the French occupant. After this crisis the inhabitants of Figuig lost a considerable surface their grounds and date palms.
March 1973: like other Moroccan cities, Figuig knew a wave of abusive sequestration by the state under pretext which they supported the armed opposition
July 23, 1999: death of its majesty the king Hassan II.
July 30, 1999: the crown prince Moulay Mohammed becomes the king of Morocco.
January 07, 2004: creation of the Authority Equity and Reconciliation by the order of its Mohammed VI majesty. This commission is nonlegal, but its goal is to reconcile and compensate the people victim for the former events.
The town of Figuig is among the cities which were included in this program.
January 29, and 30 2005: goes down for hearing of listening to testimonys and sufferings of the victims.
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Resources
In Arabic
Translation: ZOUSFANA.COM |
واحة فكيك تاريخ و أعلام
(طبعة 1987 - 1407)
للأستاذ بنعلي محمد بوزيان |
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